Exploring the New Role of NAD as a Central Regulator of Axonal Health
01 Jan

Exploring the New Role of NAD as a Central Regulator of Axonal Health

1.Introduction

A series of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, are accompanied with bioenergetic maladaptations and axonopathy with the increasing age. As a key coenzyme in energy metabolism, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) plays a critical role in maintaining axonal health in central neural system.

2.NMNAT2 as the major source of NAD in cortical neurons

NAD is mainly synthesized by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 2 (NMNAT2). NMNAT2 is pivotal for maintaining NAD redox potential in distal axons, where it provides the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) required for fast axonal transport. Furthermore, NMNAT2 is the main source of NAD in cortical neurons, as evidenced by the reduction of NAD + and NADH levels by approximately 50% in the absence of NMNAT2. 

3. The restoring effect of NAD+ supplementation on APP transport via glycolysis in the absence of NMNAT2

Exogenous NAD+ supplementation to NMNAT2-deficient neurons restores glycolysis and resumes fast axonal transport, as manifested by the diminished percentage of stationary/dynamic pause events, the elevated percentage of anterograde and retrograde events, and the restored anterograde and retrograde velocities of APP transport. 

4. The molecular mechanism of NAD in protecting axonal health

Remarkably, reducing the activity of SARM1, an NAD degradation enzyme, can reduce axonal transport deficits and suppress axon degeneration in NMNAT2-deficient neurons. SARM1 knockdown prevents the reduction in NAD+/NADH ratio normally caused by NMNAT2 loss. Blocking NAD+ degradation by reducing SARM1 abundance protects axons during NMNAT2 loss in vivo and in vitro.

5. Conclusion

NAD+ supplementation or repressing the level of SARM1, an NAD + hydrolase, can effectively restore fast axonal transport and prevent the neurodegeneration commonly observed in NMNAT2-deficient axons both in vitro and in vivo, shedding a light on the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders of aging.

Reference

Yang S, Niou ZX, Enriquez A, et al. NMNAT2 supports vesicular glycolysis via NAD homeostasis to fuel fast axonal transport. Preprint. Res Sq. 2023;rs.3.rs-2859584. Published 2023 May 19. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2859584/v1

About BONTAC 

BONTAC has dedicated to the R&D, manufacture and sale of raw materials for coenzyme and natural products since 2012, with self-owned factories, over 160 global patents as well as strong R&D team consisting of Doctors and Masters.


BONTAC has rich R&D experience and advanced technology in the biosynthesis of NAD. High quality and stable supply of products can be better ensured here with the exclusive Bonpure seven-step purification technology and Bonzyme Whole-enzymatic method.

Disclaimer

This article is based on the reference in the academic journal. The relevant information is provide for sharing and learning purposes only, and does not represent any medical advice purposes. If there is any infringement, please contact the author for deletion. The views expressed in this article do not represent the position of BONTAC. 
Under no circumstances will BONTAC be held responsible or liable in any way for any claims, damages, losses, expenses, costs or liabilities whatsoever (including, without limitation, any direct or indirect damages for loss of profits, business interruption or loss of information) resulting or arising directly or indirectly from your reliance on the information and material on this website.

Tags: nad powder nad manufacturer

best nad powder coenzyme best nad powder factory best nad powder manufacturer best nad powder supplement best nad powder supplier buy nad powder coenzyme buy nad powder factory buy nad powder manufacturer buy nad powder supplement buy nad powder supplier high purity nad powder coenzyme high purity nad powder factory high purity nad powder manufacturer high purity nad powder supplement high purity nad powder supplier high quality nad powder coenzyme high quality nad powder factory high quality nad powder manufacturer high quality nad powder supplement high quality nad powder supplier purchase nad powder coenzyme purchase nad powder factory purchase nad powder manufacturer purchase nad powder supplement purchase nad powder supplier
best nadh powder coenzyme best nadh powder factory best nadh powder manufacturer best nadh powder supplement best nadh powder supplier buy nadh powder coenzyme buy nadh powder factory buy nadh powder manufacturer buy nadh powder supplement buy nadh powder supplier high purity nadh powder coenzyme high purity nadh powder factory high purity nadh powder manufacturer high purity nadh powder supplement high purity nadh powder supplier high quality nadh powder coenzyme high quality nadh powder factory high quality nadh powder manufacturer high quality nadh powder supplement high quality nadh powder supplier purchase nadh powder coenzyme purchase nadh powder factory purchase nadh powder manufacturer purchase nadh powder supplement purchase nadh powder supplier
best nmnh powder coenzyme best nmnh powder factory best nmnh powder manufacturer best nmnh powder supplement best nmnh powder supplier buy nmnh powder buy nmnh powder coenzyme buy nmnh powder factory buy nmnh powder manufacturer buy nmnh powder supplement buy nmnh powder supplier high purity nmnh powder coenzyme high purity nmnh powder factory high purity nmnh powder manufacturer high purity nmnh powder supplement high purity nmnh powder supplier high quality nmnh powder high quality nmnh powder coenzyme high quality nmnh powder factory high quality nmnh powder manufacturer high quality nmnh powder supplement high quality nmnh powder supplier hot sale nmnh powder longevity nmnh powder coenzyme longevity nmnh powder factory longevity nmnh powder manufacturer longevity nmnh powder supplement longevity nmnh powder supplier nmnh powder company nmnh powder manufacturer
purchase nmn manufacturer supplier high quality nmn manufacturer supplement purchase nmn manufacturer factory purchase nmn manufacturer coenzyme longevity nmn manufacturer supplier longevity nmn manufacturer production high quality nmn manufacturer factory purchase nmn manufacturer production high purity nmn manufacturer supplement purchase nmn manufacturer supplement high purity nmn manufacturer factory high purity nmn manufacturer production best nmn manufacturer coenzyme best nmn manufacturer supplement best nmn manufacturer supplier buy nmn manufacturer coenzyme buy nmn manufacturer supplement buy nmn manufacturer production best nmn manufacturer production high purity nmn manufacturer coenzyme high quality nmn manufacturer supplier high purity nmn manufacturer supplier longevity nmn manufacturer factory longevity nmn manufacturer coenzyme longevity nmn manufacturer supplement high quality nmn manufacturer production high quality nmn manufacturer coenzyme buy nmn manufacturer factory buy nmn manufacturer supplier best nmn manufacturer factory
best nad manufacturer best nad manufacturer coenzyme best nad manufacturer factory best nad manufacturer supplement best nad manufacturer supplier buy nad manufacturer coenzyme buy nad manufacturer factory buy nad manufacturer production buy nad manufacturer supplement buy nad manufacturer supplier high purity nad manufacturer coenzyme high purity nad manufacturer factory high purity nad manufacturer production high purity nad manufacturer supplement high purity nad manufacturer supplier high quality nad manufacturer coenzyme high quality nad manufacturer factory high quality nad manufacturer production high quality nad manufacturer supplement high quality nad manufacturer supplier best nad manufacturer production
best nadh manufacturer best nadh manufacturer coenzyme best nadh manufacturer factory best nadh manufacturer supplement best nadh manufacturer supplier buy nadh manufacturer coenzyme buy nadh manufacturer factory buy nadh manufacturer production buy nadh manufacturer supplement buy nadh manufacturer supplier high purity nadh manufacturer coenzyme high purity nadh manufacturer factory high purity nadh manufacturer production high purity nadh manufacturer supplement high purity nadh manufacturer supplier high quality nadh manufacturer coenzyme high quality nadh manufacturer factory high quality nadh manufacturer production high quality nadh manufacturer supplement high quality nadh manufacturer supplier purchase nadh manufacturer coenzyme purchase nadh manufacturer factory purchase nadh manufacturer production purchase nadh manufacturer supplement purchase nadh manufacturer supplier best nadh manufacturer production
high quality nmnh manufacturer coenzyme longevity nmnh manufacturer coenzyme purchase nmnh manufacturer supplier longevity nmnh manufacturer supplement high quality nmnh manufacturer production longevity nmnh manufacturer factory high purity nmnh manufacturer factory high purity nmnh manufacturer coenzyme high quality nmnh manufacturer supplement high purity nmnh manufacturer supplement purchase nmnh manufacturer factory high purity nmnh manufacturer production best nmnh manufacturer factory best nmnh manufacturer coenzyme longevity nmnh manufacturer production high quality nmnh manufacturer factory buy nmnh manufacturer supplier purchase nmnh manufacturer production purchase nmnh manufacturer coenzyme buy nmnh manufacturer supplement best nmnh manufacturer production high purity nmnh manufacturer supplier high quality nmnh manufacturer supplier buy nmnh manufacturer factory buy nmnh manufacturer coenzyme best nmnh manufacturer supplement best nmnh manufacturer supplier longevity nmnh manufacturer supplier purchase nmnh manufacturer supplement buy nmnh manufacturer production
what is nmn supplement top selling nmn supplement top quality nmn supplement nmn supplement supplier nmn supplement production nmn supplement price nmn supplement manufacturer nmn supplement in china nmn supplement for sale nmn supplement factory nmn supplement david sinclair nmn supplement company hot sale nmn supplement high quality nmn supplement china nmn supplement buy nmn supplement best price nmn supplement best nmn supplement david sinclair best nmn supplement